Melanocortin Receptor

Melanocortin receptors (MCRs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors that respond to melanocortin peptides, including α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). These receptors are key regulators of diverse physiological processes such as pigmentation, energy homeostasis, feeding behavior, inflammation, and sexual function. There are five subtypes (MC1R to MC5R), each with specific functions: MC1R is primarily involved in skin and hair pigmentation; MC2R in adrenal glucocorticoid production; MC3R and MC4R in energy balance and metabolism; and MC5R in exocrine function. Targeting MCRs, particularly MC4R, is a promising approach for treating obesity and metabolic disorders due to their influence on appetite and energy expenditure.