Na+/K+ ATPase

The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase, commonly known as the sodium-potassium pump, is an essential enzyme found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. It functions by actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions into the cell, using ATP as its energy source. This ion exchange is crucial for maintaining cellular volume, osmotic balance, and the electrical excitability of neurons and muscle cells. The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase is also instrumental in setting up gradients used by other transport processes. Dysfunctions in this pump are associated with various medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. Consequently, it is a significant target for drugs aimed at treating hypertension and heart failure.