P2X Receptor

P2X receptors are a family of ionotropic receptors that are activated by the binding of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They are unique in that they function as ligand-gated ion channels, allowing cations such as calcium, sodium, and potassium to flow into the cell upon activation. This influx of ions triggers various cellular responses, including pain perception, inflammation, and muscle contraction. P2X receptors are found throughout the body and are particularly prominent in the nervous and immune systems. Given their role in pain and immune responses, these receptors are attractive targets for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, offering potential treatments for conditions ranging from chronic pain to rheumatoid arthritis.