FXR

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays a pivotal role in regulating bile acid metabolism, as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis. It is primarily expressed in the liver, intestines, kidneys, and adrenal glands. Upon activation by bile acids, FXR modulates the expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis, transport, and excretion. It also influences lipid metabolism by regulating genes involved in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, FXR affects glucose metabolism by influencing insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by cells. Given its broad regulatory functions, FXR is a target for therapeutic interventions in conditions like cholestasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome.