NADPH Oxidase

NADPH oxidase is an enzyme complex found in the membranes of certain cells, primarily phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages. It plays a crucial role in the immune system's defense mechanism by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily superoxide radicals, used to kill invading pathogens. The activity of NADPH oxidase involves the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen, creating ROS. Dysfunction or genetic defects in components of the NADPH oxidase complex can lead to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by a severe deficiency in microbial killing. Research also implicates NADPH oxidase in inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and chronic inflammatory diseases.