Phospholipase

Phospholipases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids, which are major components of cell membranes. They play critical roles in various biological processes, including membrane remodeling, signal transduction, and the generation of second messengers. Phospholipases are classified into several types—A, B, C, and D—based on the specific bond they cleave within the phospholipid molecule. For example, phospholipase C (PLC) generates diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate, both key signaling molecules in cellular responses to external stimuli. Dysregulation of phospholipase activity can lead to inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Thus, understanding and manipulating phospholipase function is crucial for developing treatments for these conditions.