| Reference | [1]. Biomolecules. 2019 Nov 14;9(11):738. doi: 10.3390/biom9110738.<br />
Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature.<br />
Salehi B(1), Upadhyay S(2), Erdogan Orhan I(3), Kumar Jugran A(4), L D Jayaweera S(5), A Dias D(5), Sharopov F(6), Taheri Y(7), Martins N(8)(9), Baghalpour N(7), Cho WC(10), Sharifi-Rad J(11).<br />
Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran. (2)G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India. (3)Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. (4)G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand, India. (5)School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora PO Box 71, VIC 3083, Australia. (6)Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan. (7)Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran. (8)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. (9)Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. (10)Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China. (11)Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.<br />
α- and β-pinene are well-known representatives of the monoterpenes group, and are found in many plants' essential oils. A wide range of pharmacological activities have been reported, including antibiotic resistance modulation, anticoagulant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Leishmania, and analgesic effects. This article aims to summarize the most prominent effects of α- and β-pinene, namely their cytogenetic, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as their effects against H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress, pancreatitis, stress-stimulated hyperthermia, and pulpal pain. Finally, we will also discuss the bioavailability, administration, as well as their biological activity and clinical applications.<br />
DOI: 10.3390/biom9110738 PMCID: PMC6920849 PMID: 31739596 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
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[2]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 Mar;101(5):1805-1817. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-8066-7. Epub 2017 Jan 20.<br />
Biotransformation of α- and β-pinene into flavor compounds.<br />
Vespermann KA(1), Paulino BN(2), Barcelos MC(1), Pessôa MG(2), Pastore GM(2), Molina G(3)(4).<br />
Author information: (1)Laboratoy of Food Biotechnology, Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (2)Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. (3)Laboratoy of Food Biotechnology, Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. [email protected]. (4)Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected].<br />
Products that bear the label "natural" have gained more attention in the marketplace. In this approach, the production of aroma compounds through biotransformation or bioconversion has been receiving more incentives in economic and research fields. Among the substrates used in these processes, terpenes can be highlighted for their versatility and low cost; some examples are limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. This work focused on the biotransformation of the two bicyclic monoterpenes, α-pinene and β-pinene; the use of different biocatalysts; the products obtained; and the conditions employed in the process.<br />
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8066-7 PMID: 28105487 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
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[3]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(1):456-463. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3562-1. Epub 2018 Nov 7.<br />
β-Pinene moderates Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by quenching reactive oxygen species and altering antioxidant machinery in maize.<br />
Mahajan P(1), Singh HP(2), Kaur S(1), Batish DR(1), Kohli RK(1)(3).<br />
Author information: (1)Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. (2)Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. [email protected]. (3)Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, 151001, India.<br />
We examined the possible role of monoterpene β-pinene in providing protection against Cr(VI) toxicity in maize (Zea mays). Treatment with β-pinene (10 μM) significantly alleviated Cr(VI) accumulation and recuperated Cr(VI) caused decline in root and coleoptile growth in maize. β-Pinene addition caused a decline in Cr(VI)-induced accumulation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl ion, hydrogen peroxide and confirmed by in-situ detection of ROS using histochemical localization. It suggested that the β-pinene quenches/neutralizes enhanced ROS generated under Cr(VI) exposure. β-Pinene also reduced Cr(VI)-induced electrolyte leakage, thereby suggesting its role in membrane stabilization. Further, β-pinene regulated the activity of scavenging enzymes, thereby suggesting a role in modulating Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of β-pinene has a protective role against Cr(VI) stress and provides resistance to maize against Cr(VI) toxicity.<br />
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3562-1 PMID: 30406586 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
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[4]. BMC Genomics. 2020 Jul 13;21(1):478. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-06876-5.<br />
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress.<br />
Li Y(1)(2), Feng Y(1)(2), Wang X(1)(2), Cui J(1)(2), Deng X(1)(2), Zhang X(3)(4).<br />
Author information: (1)Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China. (2)Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. (3)Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China. [email protected]. (4)Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. [email protected].<br />
BACKGROUND: The pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the most damaging biological pest in pine forest ecosystems in China. However, the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Tracheid cavitation induced by excess metabolism of volatile terpenes is a typical characteristic of pine trees infected by B. xylophilus. β-pinene, one of the main volatile terpenes, influences PWN colonization and reproduction, stimulating pathogenicity during the early stages of infection. To elucidate the response mechanism of PWN to β-pinene, pathogenesis, mortality, and reproduction rate were investigated under different concentrations of β-pinene using a transcriptomics approach. RESULTS: A low concentration of β-pinene (BL, C < 25.74 mg/ml) inhibited PWN reproduction, whereas a high concentration (BH, C > 128.7 mg/ml) promoted reproduction. Comparison of PWN expression profiles under low (BL, 21.66 mg/ml) and high (BH, 214.5 mg/ml) β-pinene concentrations at 48 h identified 659 and 418 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, compared with controls. Some key DEGs are potential regulators of β-pinene via detoxification metabolism (cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and short-chain dehydrogenases), ion channel/transporter activity (unc and ATP-binding cassette families), and nuclear receptor -related genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed metabolic processes as the most significant biological processes, and catalytic activity as the most significant molecular function for both BL and BH samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology (KO) analysis showed that xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and transport and catabolism were the dominant terms in metabolism categories. CONCLUSION: In addition to detoxification via reduction/oxidation (redox) activity, PWN responds to β-pinene through amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and other pathways including growth regulation and epidermal protein changes to overcome β-pinene stress. This study lays a foundation for further exploring the pathogenic mechanism of PWN.<br />
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06876-5 PMCID: PMC7358211 PMID: 32660425 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
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[5]. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Apr;33(2):181-190. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12416. Epub 2018 Oct 25.<br />
Comparative study of alpha- and beta-pinene effect on PTZ-induced convulsions in mice.<br />
Felipe CFB(1), Albuquerque AMS(1), de Pontes JLX(1), de Melo JÍV(1), Rodrigues TCML(1), de Sousa AMP(1), Monteiro ÁB(1), Ribeiro AEDS(2), Lopes JP(2), de Menezes IRA(3), de Almeida RN(1).<br />
Author information: (1)Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n – Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa – PB, 58051-085, Brazil. (2)Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 555 – Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte – CE, 63040-360, Brazil. (3)Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luíz, 1161 – Pimenta, Crato – CE, 63105-010, Brazil.<br />
Convulsions occur in response to a loss of balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and the treatment for this condition consists in restore such lost balance. Many anticonvulsant drugs present side effects which may limit their use. This fact has stimulated the search for new sources of treatment from aromatic plants. Many monoterpenes commonly present in essential oils are known because of their anticonvulsant properties. The anticonvulsant effect of α- and β-pinene, two structural isomers, is still little studied. Thus, the present work evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of α- and β-pinene in pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions model. Initially, the oral LD50 for α- and β-pinene was estimated. Following the oral administration, a mild sedation was observed and no deaths were recorded; the LD50 estimated for both monoterpenes was greater than 2 000 mg/kg, p.o. Further, animals were orally treated with α-pinene (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), β-pinene (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and the equimolar mixture of α- and β-pinene (400 mg/kg) and subjected to the pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions model. In this model, only the dose of 400 mg/kg of the compounds was able to significantly decrease the seizure intensity. The latency of first convulsion was significantly increased by the mixture of α- and β-pinene (400 mg/kg). In addition, β-pinene and the mixture of the two monoterpenes, both at a dose of 400 mg/kg, significantly increased the time of death of animals. The treatment with β-pinene and the equimolar mixture of the two monoterpenes significantly reduced hippocampal nitrite level and striatal content of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Taken together, the results suggest that α-pinene appears to be devoid of anticonvulsant action. This fact, however, seems to be dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, since pretreatment with the β-pinene increased the time of death pf PTZ-treated mice, which seems to depend on the ability of the compound to reduce nitrite concentration and NE and DA content, during the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure.<br />
DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12416 PMID: 30230028 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
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