Garenoxacin

• CAT Number: I002486
• CAS Number: 194804-75-6
• Molecular Formula: C23H20F2N2O4
• Molecular Weight: 426.41
• Purity: ≥95%
• Synonyms: BMS284756; BMS 284756; BMS-284756; Garenoxacin. tradename Geninax.
• Target: DNA gyrase inhibitors; DNA topoisomerase IV inhibitors
• Solubility: 10 mM in DMSO
• Storage: 3 years -20C powder
• IUPAC Name: 1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-[(1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl]-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
• InChI: InChI=1S/C23H20F2N2O4/c1-11-15-5-2-12(8-13(15)9-26-11)16-6-7-17-19(21(16)31-23(24)25)27(14-3-4-14)10-18(20(17)28)22(29)30/h2,5-8,10-11,14,23,26H,3-4,9H2,1H3,(H,29,30)/t11-/m1/s1
• InChIKey: NJDRXTDGYFKORP-LLVKDONJSA-N
• SMILES: C[C@@H]1C2=C(CN1)C=C(C=C2)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C(=CN4C5CC5)C(=O)O)OC(F)F

Garenoxacin（Cat No.:I002486）is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective against various bacterial infections, particularly respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections. Known for its enhanced potency, it targets both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for DNA replication. Garenoxacin is especially noted for its activity against drug-resistant strains, making it useful in treating infections that don’t respond to standard antibiotics. Its favorable tissue penetration and once-daily dosing improve patient compliance, and it’s studied for use in hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections.

Overview of Clinical Research

Originator: Taisho Pharmaceutical; Toyama Chemical
Developer: Merck & Co; Taisho Pharmaceutical; Toyama Chemical
Class: Antibacterials; Fluoroquinolones; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action: DNA gyrase inhibitors; DNA topoisomerase IV inhibitors
Orphan Drug Status: No

Reference

1. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Dec;32(6):468-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.032. Epub 2008 Sep 13.
Clinical studies of garenoxacin.
Takagi H(1), Tanaka K, Tsuda H, Kobayashi H.
Author information:
(1)Clinical Research Department, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Shimookui 2-chome, Toyama 930-8508, Japan.
Garenoxacin mesylate hydrate (GRN) is a novel oral des-fluoro(6) quinolone with potent antimicrobial activity against common respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains. It has favourable pharmacokinetic profiles for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), with good penetration into sputum and otorhinolaryngological tissues. In clinical studies, the efficacy of GRN ranged from 92% to 96% in patients with bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydial pneumonia and acute bronchitis. Efficacy was 85% in acute infectious exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease and ranged from 81% to 95% in otorhinolaryngological infections. Bacterial eradication was 90.9% for Staphylococcus aureus, 99.2% for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 98.2% for Haemophilus influenzae, 96.6% for Moraxella catarrhalis, 100% for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, 100% for beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae and beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae, and 96.2% for beta-lactamase-positive M. catarrhalis. Garenoxacin concentrations in plasma and tissues using GRN 400mg once a day were higher than the MIC90 (minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of the organisms) of major causative pathogens. The trough concentration (Cmin) in plasma was 1.92 microg/mL, a level that was higher than the mutant prevention concentration, suggesting that GRN is unlikely to induce the selection of resistant strains during treatment. In clinical studies, GRN did not produce class adverse effects of fluoroquinolones such as QTc prolongation, blood glucose abnormality or severe liver damage. No serious adverse events were observed during the trials. The results indicate that GRN is very effective in treating patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infections.