| Reference | [1]. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Nov 4;174:224-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.015. Epub 2015 Aug 18.<br />
Inhibitory effect of GB-2a (I3-naringenin-II8-eriodictyol) on melanogenesis.<br />
Campos PM(1), Prudente AS(2), Horinouchi CD(2), Cechinel-Filho V(3), Fávero GM(4), Cabrini DA(2), Otuki MF(5).<br />
Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. (2)Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. (3)Investigation Centre of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Itajai Valley, CEP 88302-202, Itajai, SC, Brazil. (4)Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. (5)Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected].<br />
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: GB-2a is a I3-naringenin-II8-eriodictyol compound isolated from Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi, a plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of skin disorders. AIM OF STUDY: In the search for new depigmenting agents, this study was carried out to investigate the in vitro effects of GB-2a isolated from G. gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi in B16F10 melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of GB-2a were evaluated through determination of melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells in comparison with the reference drug kojic acid (500µM). In parallel, the GB-2a effect was assessed in a cell viability assay. Mushroom tyrosinase activity assays were conducted to verify the effect of this enzyme. In order to ascertain the nature of enzyme inhibition on tyrosinase, kinetics analysis of the GB-2a was performed with L-tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) substrates. RESULTS: The results showed that GB-2a biflavonoid significantly inhibited the melanin content, without reducing cell viability. GB-2a also showed a strong antityrosinase activity in the mushroom tyrosinase assay. GB-2a inhibited the tyrosinase activity, exerting a mixed inhibition. For the L-tyrosine substrate the inhibition was in non-competitive mode and for L-DOPA it was in uncompetitive mode. CONCLUSION: GB-2a biflavonoid promoted inhibition on tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells, which suggests great potential for medical and cosmetic uses as a depigmenting agent.<br />
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.015 PMID: 26297636 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
<br />
[2]. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Mar;129:128-138. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.002. Epub 2017 Dec 8.<br />
Effects of biflavonoids from Garcinia madruno on a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.<br />
Sabogal-Guáqueta AM(1), Carrillo-Hormaza L(2), Osorio E(2), Cardona-Gómez GP(3).<br />
Author information: (1)Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area – School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. (2)Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquía, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. (3)Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area – School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: [email protected].<br />
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid (βA) peptides in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Flavonoids have recently been used to prevent and treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about bioflavonoids. In this study, we evaluate whether a biflavonoid fraction (BF) exerts neuroprotective effects on an aged triple transgenic mouse mode of AD (3xTg-AD). Then, 21-24-month-old 3xTg AD mice were i.p. injected with 25mg/kg of a BF from Garcinia madruno composed of morelloflavone (65%), volkensiflavone (12%), GB 2a (11%), fukugiside (6%) and amentoflavone (0.4%) every 48h for 3 months. The BF treatment reduced βA deposition in different regions of the brain (the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala), reduced βA1-40 and βA1-42 levels, BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP (CTFβ), tau pathology, astrogliosis and microgliosis in the brains of aged 3xTg-AD mice. Although the BF treatment weakly improved learning, animals treated with BF spent more time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test and displayed greater risk assessment behavior than the control groups. In summary, the BF reverses histopathological hallmarks and reduces emotional disorders in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, suggesting that the biflavonoids from G. madruno represent a potential natural therapeutic option for AD if its bioavailability is improved.<br />
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.002 PMID: 29229355 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
<br />
[3]. Food Chem. 2019 Sep 30;293:291-298. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.118. Epub 2019 May 2.<br />
Chemometric classification of Garcinia madruno raw material: Impact of the regional origin and ripeness stage of a neotropical exotic species.<br />
Carrillo-Hormaza L(1), Ramírez AM(2), Osorio E(3).<br />
Author information: (1)Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: [email protected]. (2)Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia. (3)Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: [email protected].<br />
Garcinia madruno is a neotropical tree characterized by its exotic fruit and its functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and variability of the chemical markers of G. madruno according to the part of the plant used, the origin and the ripeness stage by applying chemometric tools. A total of 167 samples were evaluated, and 27 compounds were quantified per sample. The expression of amentoflavone, morelloflavone-type biflavonoids and polyisoprenylated benzophenones (PIBs) promoted intergroup differentiation, whereas the expression of GB-2a-type biflavonoids promoted intragroup cluster generation. Epicarp was the main source of biflavonoids and the secondary source of PIBs, with values up to 25% in some individuals. The origin of the fruit significantly impacted the expression of metabolites, whereas the ripeness stage did not. The results indicate that epicarp is a good source of functional compounds and, with appropriately agronomic development, could be improved even more.<br />
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.118 PMID: 31151614 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
<br />
[4]. J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Sep 27;65(38):8348-8355. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02867. Epub 2017 Sep 19.<br />
Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemometrics for the Identification of Anti-angiogenic Biflavonoids from Edible Garcinia Species.<br />
Li P(1)(2), Yue GG, Kwok HF, Long CL(1)(3), Lau CB, Kennelly EJ(1)(4).<br />
Author information: (1)College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China. (2)Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China. (3)Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China. (4)Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York City, New York 10468, United States.<br />
Garcinia xanthochymus fruits are edible and also used in traditional medicine. Our previous work showed that the isolated natural products from G. xanthochymus fruits have displayed antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in the colon cancer cells. In this study, we developed a strategy to correlate a zebrafish angiogenesis assay with ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry-based chemometric analysis to identify potential anti-angiogenic activity compounds from G. xanthochymus fruits. Primary bioactivity results showed that the methanolic extracts from aril and pericarp but not from seed have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) in zebrafish embryos. A total of 13 markers, including benzophenones and biflavonoids, were predicted by untargeted principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis, which were tentatively identified as priority markers for the bioactivity related in aril and pericarp. Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid, has been found to significantly inhibit the growth of SIVs at 10 and 20 μM and downregulate the expressions of Angpt2 and Tie2 genes of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, seven biflavonoids, volkensiflavone, fukugetin, fukugeside, GB 1a, GB 1a glucoside, GB 2a, and GB 2a glucoside, isolated from Garcinia species were evaluated for their structure-activity relationship using the zebrafish model. Only fukugetin, which was previously shown to be anticancer, was active in inhibiting the SIV growth. In this report, both amentoflavone and fukugetin, for the first time, displayed anti-angiogenic effects on zebrafish, thus demonstrating an effective and rapid strategy to identify natural products for anti-angiogenesis activity.<br />
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02867 PMID: 28926234 [Indexed for MEDLINE]<br />
<br />
[5]. Nat Prod Commun. 2016 Dec;11(12):1839-1842.<br />
Phytochemical Screening of Garcinia travancorica by HPLC-ESI-QTOF Mass Spectrometry and Cytotoxicity Studies of the Major Biflavonoid Fukugiside.<br />
Aravind APA, Pandey R, Kumar B, Asha KRT, Rameshkumar KB.<br />
Qualitative screening of multiclass secondary metabolites present in the fruits, leaves and stem bark extracts of Garcinia travancorica was carried out using HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. Twenty-three compounds were identified in the fruits, leaves and stem bark; including two acids (hydroxycitric acid and hydroxycitric acid lactone), eight biflavonoids (morelloflavone, GB-1, GB-la, GB-2, GB-2a, fukugiside, xanthochymusside and GB-la glucoside), nine xanthones (α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, garciniaxanthone E, 4-(I,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-xanthone, garcinone A, garcinone B, garcinone C and polyanxanthone C) and four polyisoprenylated benzophenones (gambogenone, aristophenone A, garcinol and garciyunnanin A). Cytotoxicity studies of the major biflavonoid fukugiside reported from G. travancorica leaves revealed a dose-dependent cancer cell growth inhibition in A431 and HeLa cells. The antiproliferative effect appears to be due to the ability of fukugiside to induce S-phase arrest and apoptotic cell death. In HeLa cells, fukugiside reduced the expression of MAPKp38 by 26.1% compared with untreated control.<br />
PMID: 30508346 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
|
