For research use only. Not for therapeutic Use.
Examorelin, also known as Hexarelin, is a growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) agonist potentially for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
| Catalog Number | R056956 |
| CAS Number | 140703-51-1 |
| Synonyms | L-Histidyl-2-methyl-D-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-tryptophyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-lysinamide Acetate; Examorelin Acetate; |
| Molecular Formula | C₄₇H₅₈N₁₂O₆ xCH₃CO₂H |
| Purity | ≥95% |
| Target | growth hormone-releasing factor agonist |
| Storage | -20°C |
| Reference | </br>1: Mao Y, Tokudome T, Kishimoto I, Otani K, Miyazato M, Kangawa K. One dose of oral hexarelin protects chronic cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Peptides. 2014 Jun;56:156-62. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.04.004. PubMed PMID: 24747279. </br>2: Mao Y, Tokudome T, Kishimoto I, Otani K, Hosoda H, Nagai C, Minamino N, Miyazato M, Kangawa K. Hexarelin treatment in male ghrelin knockout mice after myocardial infarction. Endocrinology. 2013 Oct;154(10):3847-54. doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1291. PubMed PMID: 23861368. </br>3: Xu X, Ding F, Pang J, Gao X, Xu RK, Hao W, Cao JM, Chen C. Chronic administration of hexarelin attenuates cardiac fibrosis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012 Sep 15;303(6):H703-11. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00257.2011. PubMed PMID: 22842067. </br>4: Mosa RM, Zhang Z, Shao R, Deng C, Chen J, Chen C. Implications of ghrelin and hexarelin in diabetes and diabetes-associated heart diseases. Endocrine. 2015 Jun;49(2):307-23. doi: 10.1007/s12020-015-0531-z. Review. PubMed PMID: 25645463. </br>5: Mao Y, Tokudome T, Kishimoto I. The cardiovascular action of hexarelin. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2014 Sep;11(3):253-8. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2014.03.007. Review. PubMed PMID: 25278975; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4178518. </br>6: Semenistaya E, Zvereva I, Thomas A, Thevis M, Krotov G, Rodchenkov G. Determination of growth hormone releasing peptides metabolites in human urine after nasal administration of GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, Hexarelin, and Ipamorelin. Drug Test Anal. 2015 Oct;7(10):919-25. doi: 10.1002/dta.1787. PubMed PMID: 25869809. </br>7: Biagini G, Torsello A, Marinelli C, Gualtieri F, Vezzali R, Coco S, Bresciani E, Locatelli V. Beneficial effects of desacyl-ghrelin, hexarelin and EP-80317 in models of status epilepticus. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 16;670(1):130-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.020. PubMed PMID: 21914437. </br>8: Pang J, Xu Q, Xu X, Yin H, Xu R, Guo S, Hao W, Wang L, Chen C, Cao JM. Hexarelin suppresses high lipid diet and vitamin D3-induced atherosclerosis in the rat. Peptides. 2010 Apr;31(4):630-8. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.007. PubMed PMID: 19931584. </br>9: Yu H, Kim K. Direct nose-to-brain transfer of a growth hormone releasing neuropeptide, hexarelin after intranasal administration to rabbits. Int J Pharm. 2009 Aug 13;378(1-2):73-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.057. PubMed PMID: 19501141. </br>10: Bresciani E, Pitsikas N, Tamiazzo L, Luoni M, Bulgarelli I, Cocchi D, Locatelli V, Torsello A. Feeding behavior during long-term hexarelin administration in young and old rats. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008 Jul;31(7):647-52. PubMed PMID: 18787385. </br>11: Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Lin C, Shao R, Yan C, Chen C. Hexarelin Protects Rodent Pancreatic Β-Cells Function from Cytotoxic Effects of Streptozotocin Involving Mitochondrial Signalling Pathways In Vivo and In Vitro. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 26;11(2):e0149730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149730. PubMed PMID: 26918825; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4769129. </br>12: Barlind A, Karlsson N, Åberg ND, Björk-Eriksson T, Blomgren K, Isgaard J. The growth hormone secretagogue hexarelin increases cell proliferation in neurogenic regions of the mouse hippocampus. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2010 Feb;20(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.09.001. PubMed PMID: 19800825. </br>13: Xu X, Pang J, Yin H, Li M, Hao W, Chen C, Cao JM. Hexarelin suppresses cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Nov;293(5):H2952-8. PubMed PMID: 17766487. </br>14: Benso A, Prodam F, Lucatello B, Gramaglia E, Riganti F, Schneider H, van der Lely AJ, Muccioli G, Ghigo E, Broglio F. d-Lys-GHRP-6 does not modify the endocrine response to acylated ghrelin or hexarelin in humans. Neuropeptides. 2007 Feb;41(1):45-9. PubMed PMID: 17112585. </br>15: Frieboes RM, Antonijevic IA, Held K, Murck H, Pollmächer T, Uhr M, Steiger A. Hexarelin decreases slow-wave sleep and stimulates the secretion of GH, ACTH, cortisol and prolactin during sleep in healthy volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Aug;29(7):851-60. PubMed PMID: 15177700. </br>16: Puechagut PB, Martini AC, Stutz G, Santillán ME, Luque EM, Fiol de Cuneo M, Ruiz RD, Vincenti LM. Reproductive performance and fertility in male and female adult mice chronically treated with hexarelin. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2012;24(3):451-60. doi: 10.1071/RD11009. PubMed PMID: 22401277. </br>17: Pang JJ, Xu RK, Xu XB, Cao JM, Ni C, Zhu WL, Asotra K, Chen MC, Chen C. Hexarelin protects rat cardiomyocytes from angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in vitro. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Mar;286(3):H1063-9. PubMed PMID: 14615277. </br>18: Prodam F, Benso A, Gramaglia E, Lucatello B, Riganti F, van der Lely AJ, Deghenghi R, Muccioli G, Ghigo E, Broglio F. Cortistatin-8, a synthetic cortistatin-derived ghrelin receptor ligand, does not modify the endocrine responses to acylated ghrelin or hexarelin in humans. Neuropeptides. 2008 Feb;42(1):89-93. PubMed PMID: 18061663. </br>19: Orkin RD, New DI, Norman D, Chew SL, Clark AJ, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. Rapid desensitisation of the GH secretagogue (ghrelin) receptor to hexarelin in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Aug;26(8):743-7. PubMed PMID: 14669829. </br>20: Pettersson I, Muccioli G, Granata R, Deghenghi R, Ghigo E, Ohlsson C, Isgaard J. Natural (ghrelin) and synthetic (hexarelin) GH secretagogues stimulate H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell proliferation. J Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;175(1):201-9. PubMed PMID: 12379504. </br></br> |
