Ipratropium bromide hydrate

• CAT Number: R007423
• CAS Number: 66985-17-9
• Molecular Formula: C20H32BrNO4
• Molecular Weight: 430.38
• Purity: ≥95%
• Synonyms: [(5S)-8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;bromide;hydrate
• InChI: InChI=1S/C20H30NO3.BrH.H2O/c1-14(2)21(3)16-9-10-17(21)12-18(11-16)24-20(23)19(13-22)15-7-5-4-6-8-15;;/h4-8,14,16-19,22H,9-13H2,1-3H3;1H;1H2/q+1;;/p-1/t16-,17?,18?,19?,21?;;/m0../s1
• InChIKey: KEWHKYJURDBRMN-BXBUDBIISA-M
• SMILES: CC(C)[N+]1(C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C.O.[Br-]

Ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000) hydrate is a muscarinic receptor antagonist, with IC50s of 2.9 nM, 2 nM, and 1.7 nM for M1, M2, and M3 receptors, respectively. Ipratropium bromide hydrate relaxes smooth muscle, can be used in the research for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and asthma[1][2][3][4][5].
Ipratropium bromide hydrate (1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM; 15 min) exerts its toxic effects via disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential[1].
Ipratropium bromide hydrate (1 nM-1 μM; 4 h) increases infarct size in isolated perfused heart ischaemia/reperfusion experiments with a dose-responsive manner (EC50=22.7 nM)[1].
Ipratropium bromide hydrate (0.001 nM-0.1 mM; 2 h) inhibits adult rat cardiac myocyte growth after 4 h hypoxia treatment[1].
Ipratropium bromide hydrate (1.0 μg/kg; i.v.; single dose) enhances vagal nerve stimulation induing bronchoconstriction[2].
Ipratropium bromide hydrate (0.04 mg/20 mL and 0.20 mg/20 mL; inhalation for 30 min, rate=30 mL/30 min) can protect the lungs against the cadmium-induced acute neutrophilic inflammation by reducing the parenchyma inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils[4].

Reference

[1]. Fryer AD, et al. Maclagan, Ipratropium bromide potentiates bronchoconstriction induced by vagal nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol, 1987. 139(2): p. 187-91.
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[2]. Harvey, et al. Maddock, Ipratropium Bromide-Mediated Myocardial Injury in In Vitro Models of Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion. Toxicol Sci, 2014.
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[3]. Maria Prat, et al. Discovery of novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of (3R)-quinuclidinyl amides as potent and long acting muscarinic antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015 Apr 15;25(8):1736-1741.
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[4]. Wenhui Zhang, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of formoterol and ipratropium bromide against acute cadmium-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 25;628(1-3):171-8.
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[5]. Venkatasamy R, et al. Novel relaxant effects of RPL554 on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;173(15):2335-51. 
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