| Reference | 1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2018 Jan;54(1):71-84. doi: 10.1007/s11626-017-0208-4. Epub 2017 Dec 1.<br />
Preclinical evaluation of the Aurora kinase inhibitors AMG 900, AZD1152-HQPA, and MK-5108 on SW-872 and 93T449 human liposarcoma cells.<br />
Noronha S(1), Alt LAC(2), Scimeca TE(2), Zarou O(2), Obrzut J(2), Zanotti B(3), Hayward EA(2), Pillai A(4), Mathur S(4), Rojas J(2), Salamah R(2), Chandar N(5), Fay MJ(6)(7).<br />
Author information:<br />
(1)Physician Assistant Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. (2)Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. (3)Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. (4)Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. (5)Department of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. (6)Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. [email protected]. (7)Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. [email protected].<br />
Liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor that originates from adipose tissue and is one of the most frequently diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas in humans. There is great interest in identifying novel chemotherapeutic options for treating liposarcoma based upon molecular alterations in the cancer cells. The Aurora kinases have been identified as promising chemotherapeutic targets based on their altered expression in many human cancers and cellular roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of an Aurora kinase A inhibitor (MK-5108), an Aurora kinase B inhibitor (AZD1152-HQPA), and a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor (AMG 900) on undifferentiated SW-872 and well-differentiated 93T449 human liposarcoma cells. Treatment of the SW-872 and 93T449 cells with MK-5108 (0-1000 nM), AZD1152-HQPA (0-1000 nM), and AMG 900 (0-1000 nM) for 72 h resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the total viable cell number. Based upon the EC50 values, the potency of the three Aurora kinase inhibitors in the SW-872 cells was as follows: AMG 900 (EC50 = 3.7 nM) > AZD1152-HQPA (EC50 = 43.4 nM) > MK-5108 (EC50 = 309.0 nM), while the potency in the 93T449 cells was as follows: AMG 900 (EC50 = 6.5 nM) > AZD1152-HQPA (EC50 = 74.5 nM) > MK-5108 (EC50 = 283.6 nM). The percentage of polyploidy after 72 h of drug treatment (0-1000 nM) was determined by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis. AMG 900 caused a significant increase in polyploidy starting at 25 nM in the SW-872 and 93T449 cells, and AZD1152-HQPA caused a significant increase starting at 100 nM in the SW-872 cells and 250 nM in the 93T449 cells. The Aurora kinase A inhibitor MK-5108 did not significantly increase the percentage of polyploid cells at any of the doses tested in either cell line. The expression of Aurora kinase A and B was evaluated in the SW-872 cells versus differentiated adipocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Aurora kinase A and B mRNA expression was significantly increased in the SW-872 cells versus the differentiated adipocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells. Western blot analysis revealed a ~ 48 kDa immunoreactive band for Aurora kinase A that was not present in the differentiated adipocytes or the human mesenchymal stem cells. A ~ 39 kDa immunoreactive band for Aurora kinase B was detected in the SW-872 cells, differentiated adipocytes, and human mesenchymal stem cells. A smaller immunoreactive band for Aurora kinase B was detected in the SW-872 cells but not in the differentiated adipocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells, and this may reflect the expression of a truncated splice variant of Aurora kinase B that has been associated with poor patient prognosis. The 93T449 cells demonstrated decreased expression of Aurora kinase A and B mRNA and protein compared to the SW-872 cells, and also expressed the truncated form of Aurora kinase B. The results of these in vitro studies indicate that Aurora kinase inhibitors should be further investigated as possible chemotherapeutic agents for human liposarcoma.<br />
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2. Invest New Drugs. 2016 Feb;34(1):84-95. doi: 10.1007/s10637-015-0306-7. Epub 2015 Dec 1.<br />
A phase I study of MK-5108, an oral aurora a kinase inhibitor, administered both as monotherapy and in combination with docetaxel, in patients with advanced or refractory solid tumors.<br />
Amin M(1), Minton SE(2), LoRusso PM(3)(4), Krishnamurthi SS(5), Pickett CA(6)(7), Lunceford J(6), Hille D(6), Mauro D(6)(8), Stein MN(9), Wang-Gillam A(1), Trull L(1), Lockhart AC(10).<br />
Author information:<br />
(1)Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8056, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. (2)H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. (3)Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. (4)Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. (5)University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. (6)Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. (7)Global Development Oncology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. (8)Advaxis, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA. (9)The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. (10)Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8056, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. [email protected].<br />
BACKGROUND: MK-5108 is a potent/highly selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor. METHODS: A randomized Phase I study of MK-5108, administered p.o. BID Q12h on days 1-2 in 14-21 day cycles either alone (MT; Panel1/n = 18; 200 to 1800 mg) or in combination (CT; Panel2/n = 17; 100 to 225 mg) with IV docetaxel 60 mg/m(2), determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (Panel1, only) and tumor response in patients with advanced solid tumors. This study was terminated early due to toxicities in Panel2 at MK-5108 doses below the anticipated PK exposure target.<br />
RESULTS: 35 patients enrolled (33 evaluable for tumor response). No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in Panel1; three patients had 3 DLTs in Panel2 (G3 and G4 febrile neutropenia at 200 and 450 mg/day, respectively; G3 infection at 450 mg/day). In Panel1, AUC0-12hr and Cmax increased less than dose proportionally following the first MT dose but increased roughly dose proportionally across 200 to 3600 mg/day after 4th dose. The t1/2 ranged from 6.6 to 13.5 h across both panels. No clear effects on immunohistochemistry markers were observed; however, significant dose-related increases in gene expression were seen pre-/post-treatment. Best responses were 9/17 stable disease (SD) (Panel1) as well as 1/16 PR and 7/16 SD (Panel2) (450 mg/day).<br />
CONCLUSIONS: MK-5108 MT was well tolerated at doses up to 3600 mg/day with plasma levels exceeding the minimum daily exposure target (83 μM*hr). The MTD for MK-5108 + docetaxel (CT) was established at 300 mg/day, below the exposure target. Use of pharmacodynamic gene expression assays to determine target engagement was validated.<br />
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3. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2014 Jul;140(7):1137-49. doi: 10.1007/s00432-014-1675-6. Epub 2014 Apr 23.<br />
Anticancer activity of the Aurora A kinase inhibitor MK-5108 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapies.<br />
Chinn DC(1), Holland WS, Mack PC.<br />
Author information:<br />
(1)Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.<br />
PURPOSE: Aurora kinases are key regulators of mitotic events. Dysfunction of these kinases can cause polyploidy and chromosomal instability, a contributor to tumorigenesis. MK-5108 is a potent inhibitor of Aurora A kinase that has shown preclinical potent activity in malignancies of breast, cervical, colon, ovarian, and pancreatic origin. We sought to assess the preclinical efficacy of MK-5108 in a panel of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel.<br />
METHODS: Eleven lung cancer cell lines were studied. Growth inhibition by MK-5108 was assessed with short- and long-term MTT assays. Cell cycling was measured by flow cytometry. Immunoblotting was used to determine targeted activity of MK-5108 on Aurora A and downstream effects (TACC3 and Plk1). Efficacy of combination studies performed with cisplatin and docetaxel was evaluated by median effect analysis.<br />
RESULTS: All cell lines demonstrated sustained growth inhibition following MK-5108 at varying nanomolar concentrations. MK-5108 induced G2/M accumulation, polyploidy, and apoptosis (increased sub-G1/PARP cleavage). Levels of Aurora A, TACC3, and Plk1 diminished. Concurrent treatment of MK-5108 with cisplatin or docetaxel synergistically inhibited cell growth with the docetaxel combination performing better. When administered sequentially, treatment with docetaxel first followed by MK-5108 exhibited greater growth inhibition than the inverse; yet concurrent treatment remained superior.<br />
CONCLUSIONS: MK-5108 has potent anti-proliferative activity in lung cancer cell lines alone and in combination with chemotherapies. Determining how best to integrate Aurora inhibitors into current lung cancer treatment regimens would be beneficial.<br />
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4. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Jan;9(1):157-66. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0609. Epub 2010 Jan 6.<br />
MK-5108, a highly selective Aurora-A kinase inhibitor, shows antitumor activity alone and in combination with docetaxel.<br />
Shimomura T(1), Hasako S, Nakatsuru Y, Mita T, Ichikawa K, Kodera T, Sakai T, Nambu T, Miyamoto M, Takahashi I, Miki S, Kawanishi N, Ohkubo M, Kotani H, Iwasawa Y.<br />
Author information:<br />
(1)Department of Oncology, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [email protected]<br />
Aurora-A kinase is a one of the key regulators during mitosis progression. Aurora-A kinase is a potential target for anticancer therapies because overexpression of Aurora-A, which is frequently observed in some human cancers, results in aberrant mitosis leading to chromosomal instability and possibly tumorigenesis. MK-5108 is a novel small molecule with potent inhibitory activity against Aurora-A kinase. Although most of the Aurora-kinase inhibitors target both Aurora-A and Aurora-B, MK-5108 specifically inhibited Aurora-A kinase in a panel of protein kinase assays. Inhibition of Aurora-A by MK-5108 in cultured cells induced cell cycle arrest at the G(2)-M phase in flow cytometry analysis. The effect was confirmed by the accumulation of cells with expression of phosphorylated Histone H3 and inhibition of Aurora-A autophosphorylation by immunostaining assays. MK-5108 also induced phosphorylated Histone H3 in skin and xenograft tumor tissues in a nude rat xenograft model. MK-5108 inhibited growth of human tumor cell lines in culture and in different xenograft models. Furthermore, the combination of MK-5108 and docetaxel showed enhanced antitumor activities compared with control and docetaxel alone-treated animals without exacerbating the adverse effects of docetaxel. MK-5108 is currently tested in clinical trials and offers a new therapeutic approach to combat human cancers as a single agent or in combination with existing taxane therapies.<br />
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