Stepharine

• CAT Number: I044796
• CAS Number: 2810-21-1
• Molecular Formula: C18H19NO3
• Molecular Weight: 297.35
• Purity: ≥95%
• Synonyms: (4R)-10,11-dimethoxyspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4′-cyclohexa-2,5-diene]-1′-one
• InChI: InChI=1S/C18H19NO3/c1-21-14-9-11-5-8-19-13-10-18(6-3-12(20)4-7-18)16(15(11)13)17(14)22-2/h3-4,6-7,9,13,19H,5,8,10H2,1-2H3/t13-/m1/s1
• InChIKey: OGJKMZVUJJYWKO-CYBMUJFWSA-N
• SMILES: COC1=C(C2=C3C(CC24C=CC(=O)C=C4)NCCC3=C1)OC

Stepharine, an natural alkaloid, directly interactes with TLR4 and binds to the TLR4/MD2 complex (TLR4 inhibitor). Stepharine possesses anti-aging, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive effects[1].
Stepharine (10, 30 μM) substantially inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release as well as the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β] in LPS-activated BV-2 cells[1].
Stepharine (10, 30 μM) inhibits LPS-induced increase of TLR4 expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation[1].
Stepharine exhibits neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells cultured with LPS-treated conditioned medium. Stepharine has also shown to inhibit cholinesterase in vitro[1].
Stepharine (500 μg/kg) inhibited NeuN+ cells loss and Iba-1+ cells increase in the MCAO ischemic cortex[1].

Reference

[1]. Tingyu Hao, et al. Inflammatory mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with treatment of stepharine in rats. Phytomedicine. 2020 Dec;79:153353.
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